ID Screen® Toxoplasmosis Indirect Multi-species

PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS

1. Kauter J. et al. (2023). Detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific antibodies in pigs using an oral fluid-based commercial ELISA: Advantages and limitations. International journal for parasitology, 53(9), 523-530.
2. López-Ureña N.M. et al. (2023). A comparative study of serological tests used in the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in small ruminants evidenced the importance of cross-reactions for harmonizing diagnostic performance. Research in Veterinary Science, 165, 105052.
3. Liyanage K.L.D.T.D. et al. (2021). Descriptive comparison of ELISAs for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in animals: A systematic review. Pathogens, 10(5), 605.
4. Basso W. et al. (2020). Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in South American camelids in Switzerland and assessment of serological tests for diagnosis. Parasites & vectors, 13(1), 1-18.
5. Sharma R. et al. (2019). Risk factors and prevalence of antibodies for Toxoplasma gondii in diaphragmatic fluid in wolverines (Gulo gulo) from the Northwest Territories, Canada. Food and Waterborne Parasitology, 15, e00056.
6. Felin E. et al. (2017). Comparison of commercial ELISA tests for the detection of Toxoplasma antibodies in the meat juice of naturally infected pigs. Veterinary parasitology, 238, 30-34.
7. Paştiu A.I. et al (2015). Comparative assessment of Toxoplasma gondii infection prevalence in Romania using 3 serological methods. Bulletin UASVM Veterinary Medicine, 72, 1.
8. Gebremedhin E.Z. et al. (2013). Comparison between enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and modified agglutination test (MAT) for detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats slaughtered in an export abattoir at Debre-Zeit, Ethiopia. BMC veterinary research, 9(1), 1.
9. Györke A. et al (2011). Toxoplasma gondii in Romanian household cats: evaluation of serological tests, epidemiology and risk factors. Preventive veterinary medicine, 102(4), 321-328.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

SHEEP AND GOATS

1. Dahmane A. et al. (2024). Seroprevalence Assessment and Risk Factor Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Goats from Northeastern Algeria. Animals, 14, 883.
2. Condoleo R. et al. (2023). Toxoplasma gondii in sheep: Serological occurrence at slaughterhouse level in Italy and environmental risk factors. Front. Vet. Sci. 10:1057277.
3. Elaadli H. et al. (2023). Prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and aborted women in Egypt. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 37(2), 437-445.
4. Tarusikirwa D.F. et al. (2023). Seroprevalence and assessment of public awareness of Brucella spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydia abortus in small ruminants from selected smallholder commercial farms of Zimbabwe. PLoS ONE 18(6): e0287902.
5. Aboelwafa S.S. et al.  (2022). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in small ruminants in Luxor, Egypt. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 10(2): 412-420.
6. Alamerew E. A. et al.  (2022). Apparent prevalence of brucellosis, Q-fever and toxoplasmosis in aborted goat’s at North Shoa, Ethiopia. EUREKA: Life Sciences, (5), 28-37.
7. Basso W. et al. (2022). Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in sheep and goats in Switzerland: Seroprevalence and occurrence in aborted foetuses. Food and waterborne parasitology, 28, e00176.
8. Clune T. et al. (2022). Toxoplasma gondii is not an important contributor to poor reproductive performance of primiparous ewes from southern Australia: a prospective cohort study. BMC veterinary research, 18(1), 109.
9. Fereig R.M. et al. (2022). Seroprevalence of Specific Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Brucella spp. in Sheep and Goats in Egypt. Animals, 12(23), 3327.
10. Kareem S. et al. (2022). Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii in some intermediate hosts (sheep and goats) in Thi-Qar province, Southern Iraq. Journal of Education for Pure Science-University of Thi-Qar, 12(2), 234-239.
11. Alemnew E. et al. (2021). Clinical abortion and serological investigation of Brucella melitensis, Coxiella burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii in goats in Ataye boer nucleus site North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia. Agric Vet Sci, 5(2), 55-65.
12. Almeida D. et al. (2021).  A 2-Year Longitudinal Seroepidemiological Evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in a Cohort of Autochthonous Sheep from Central Portugal. Pathogens 2021, 10, 40.
13. Aroussi A. et al. (2021). Estimation of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in sheep in Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria. Open Veterinary Science, 2(1), 65-71.
14. Chiang S. H. et al. (2020). Epidemiological survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in dairy goats in Central-Southern Taiwan. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 82(10), 1537-1544.
15. Gazzonis A.L. et al. (2020). Toxoplasma gondii infection in meat-producing small ruminants: Meat juice serology and genotyping. Parasitology international, 76, 102060.
16. Gazzonis A.L. et al. (2019). Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected goats: Monitoring of specific IgG levels in serum and milk during lactation and parasitic DNA detection in milk. Preventive veterinary medicine, 170, 104738.
17. Tonouhewa A.B.N. et al. (2019). A serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goat from Benin, West-Africa. Journal of parasitic diseases, 43(3), 343-349.
18. Gharekhani J. et al. (2018). Seroprevalence and risk factors of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in small ruminants in Southwest of Iran. Archives of Razi Institute, 73(4), 305-310.
19. Subedi S. et al. (2018). Sero-prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep in different geographical regions of Nepal. Veterinary and Animal Science, 5, 7-9.
20. Villagra-Blanco R. et al. (2018). Seroprevalence and factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii-, Neospora caninum-and Coxiella burnetii-infections in dairy goat flocks from Costa Rica. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 14, 79-84.
21. Rodriguez-Ponce E. et al. (2017). Serological survey of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninium in goat population in Canary Islands (Macaronesia Archipelago, Spain). Small Ruminant Research, 147, 73-76.
22. Ahmed H. et al. (2016). Seroprevalence and spatial distribution of toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in North-Eastern Region of Pakistan. The Korean journal of parasitology, 54(4), 439.
23. Sharma R.N. et al (2015). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Grenada, West Indies. International Journal of Current Research and Academic Review, 3, 262-267.

BOVINE

1. Metwally S. et al. (2023). Seroprevalence and risk factors analysis of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in cattle of Beheira, Egypt. Front. Vet. Sci. 10:1122092.
2. Liu Y. et al.  (2022). Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Raw Milk and Sera of Cows in China. Pathogens, 11(10), 1079.
3. Ciuca L. et al. (2020). Seroprevalence and clinical outcomes of Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Besnoitia besnoiti infections in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). Animals, 10(3), 532.
4. Gazzonis A.L. et al. (2020). Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in beef cattle raised in Italy: A multicenter study. Parasitology Research, 119, 3893-3898.
5. Oh J. et al. (2016). Detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in cattle raised in Gyeongbuk Province, Korea. Journal of food protection, 79(5), 821-824.

LARGE AND SMALL RUMINANTS

1. Fereig R. M. et al. (2022). Prevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and DNA in raw milk of various ruminants in Egypt. Pathogens, 11(11), 1305.
2. Yaseen A.N. et al. (2022). Using of Serological and Molecular Technique for Toxoplasma Gondii Diagnosis in Goat and Cow in Some Regions of Baghdad Governorate. HIV Nursing, 22(2), 1466-1472.
3. Pepe P. et al (2021). Towards an integrated approach for monitoring Toxoplasmosis in Southern Italy. Animals, 11(7), 1949.

SWINE

1. Chepyatich D. et al. (2023). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Slaughtered Pigs in Kiambu, Kenya. Zoonotic Dis., 3, 301–306.
2. Fereig, R.M. et al. (2023). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Trichinella spp. in Pigs from Cairo, Egypt. Vet. Sci., 10, 675.
3. Dahourou L.D. et al. (2020). Serological evidence and factors associated with porcine toxoplasmosis in three villages of Fara’s division in Burkina Faso. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 14(6), 2172-2180.
4. Tonouhewa A.B.N. et al. (2020). Toxoplasma gondii infections in pigs from south Benin and assessment of breeders’knowledge about toxoplasmosis. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 23(2).
5. Tialla D. et al. (2019). Seroprevalence and factors associated with bovine and swine toxoplasmosis in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Veterinary World, 12(10): 1519-1523.
6. Pablos-Tanarro A. et al. (2018). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Iberian pig sows. Parasitology research, 117(5), 1419-1424.
7. Obijiaku I. N. et al. (2017). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughtered pigs in Makurdi, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 15(3), 91-94.
8. Xhafa A. et al. (2017). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs in extensive breeding from Saranda district of Albania. Annals of the University of Craiova-Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Series, 46(1), 304-307.
9. Bamba S. et al. (2016). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and direct genotyping using minisequencing in free-range pigs in Burkina Faso. International journal of food microbiology, 230, 10-15.
10. Bacci C. et al. (2015). Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in free-range, organic pigs in Italy using serological and molecular methods. International journal of food microbiology, 202, 54-56.
11. Koirala P. et al. (2015). Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Different Species of Farm Animals in Nepal. Nepalese Vet. J, 32, 13-19.
12. Onyiche T.E. et al. (2013). Seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cattle and pigs in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 39, 309-314.

EQUINE

1. Pala S. et al. (2024). Prevalence and factors associated with Leishmania spp. and Toxoplasma gondii infections in apparently healthy horses in Eastern Spain. Research in Veterinary Science, 105236.
2. Marzok M. et al. (2023). Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Horses. Vet. Sci. 2023, 10, 237.
3. Chen L. et al. (2021). Detection of Specific IgG Antibodies Against Toxoplasma gondii in the Serum and Milk of Domestic Donkeys During Lactation in China: A Potential Public Health Concern. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 11:760400.
4. Ouslimani S. F. et al.  (2019). Seroepidemiological study of the exposure to Toxoplasma gondii among horses in Algeria and analysis of risk factors. Veterinary World, 12(12), 2007.
5. Lee S.H. et al. (2014). Evidence of Toxoplasma gondii exposure among horses in Korea. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 76(12), 1663-1665.

CAMELIDS

1. Selim A. et al. (2023). Seroprevalence and Potential Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii in Dromedary Camels. Agriculture 13, 129.
2. Fereig R.M. et al. (2022). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in camels recently imported to Egypt from Sudan and a global systematic review. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 12:1042279.
3. Abdallah M. C. et al. (2020). First report of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) population in south East Algeria. Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports, 22, 100475.
4. Bártová E. et al. (2017). Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in exotic ruminants and camelids in the Czech Republic. Parasitology Research, 116(7), 1925-1929.

CATS AND DOGS

1. Bellatreche A.Y. et al. (2022). Comparison of a Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) with the Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) for the Detection of Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in a Cohort of Hunting Dogs. Animals, 12, 2813.
2. Hamidullah et al. (2022). Screening of Toxoplasmosis in Owned and Stray Dogs of District Faisalabad, Pakistan through Latex Agglutination and Indirect ELISA. Pathogens, 11, 1307.
3. Salama D.B. et al. (2022). Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum Antibodies in Dogs and Cats from Egypt and Risk Factor Analysis. Pathogens, 11, 1464.
4. Xia N. et al. (2022). Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in urban cats from China. BMC Veterinary Research, 18(1), 331.
5. Attipa C. et al. (2021). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Cats from Cyprus. Pathogens, 10(7), 882.
6. Mawlood H. H. et al. (2021). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among stray cats using different serological techniques in Erbil City: Kurdistan Region/Iraq. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 9(5), 1258.
7. Fábrega L. et al. (2020). Frequency of Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors associated with the infection in stray dogs and cats of Panama. Microorganisms, 8(6), 927.
8. Tan L.P. et al (2020). Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in pet and stray cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Tropical biomedicine, 37(3), 542-550.
9. Rengifo-Herrera C. et al (2017). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic pets from metropolitan regions of Panama. Parasite, 24.
10. Sharma R.N. et al. (2014). Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in stray and owned dogs of Grenada, West Indies. Veterinary World 7(9): 661-664.

RABBITS AND RODENTS

1. Chalo S.L. et al. (2023). Seroprevalence and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii infections in rodents and cats in Mbeya district, Tanzania. East African Journal of Science, Technology and Innovation 4(3).
2. Turlewicz-Podbielska H. et al. (2023). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats, dogs and rabbits from Poland. Veterinary Research Communications, 47(3), 1753-1758.
3. Henneb M. et al. (2019). Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in rabbit of local Algerian population. Veterinary World, 12(6), 855.

WILD ANIMALS

1. Galat M. et al. (2024). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild boars (Sus scrofa) hunted in Ukraine. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 23, 100901.
2. Hidalgo-Hermoso E. et al. (2024). High Exposure to Livestock Pathogens in Southern Pudu (Pudu puda) from Chile. Animals 2024, 14, 526.
3. Scherrer P. et al. (2024). Toxoplasma gondii Infection in the Eurasian Beaver (Castor fiber) in Switzerland: Seroprevalence, Genetic Characterization, and Clinicopathologic Relevance. The Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 60(1), 126-138.
4. Thomson J. et al. (2024). Detection of viable Toxoplasma gondii in retail venison. Food Control, 160, 110354.
5. Bouchard E. et al. (2023). Canada Lynx (Lynx canadensis) as Potential Reservoirs and Sentinels of Toxoplasma gondii in Northern Canada. Zoonotic Dis. 3, 6–17.
6. Hernández-Ortiz A. et al. (2023). Toxoplasma gondii and related Sarcocystidae parasites in harvested caribou from Nunavik, Canada. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 21, 246-254.
7. Kautto A.H. et al. (2023). Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) in northern Sweden: a cross-sectional study from 2014. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 65(1), 53.
8. Scherrer P. et al. (2023). Exploring the epidemiological role of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 21, 1-10.
9. Crotta M. et al. (2022). Analysis of seroprevalence data on Hepatitis E virus and Toxoplasma gondii in wild ungulates for the assessment of human exposure to zoonotic meat-borne pathogens. Food Microbiology, 101, 103890.
10. Engel L. et al. (2022). Toxoplasma gondii in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany: a serosurvey based on meat juice. Parasitology Research, 121(12), 3417-3425.
11. Liu R.M. et al. (2022). Investigation of Toxoplasma infection in zoo animals using multispecies ELISA and GRA7 nested PCR. BMC Veterinary Research, 18(1), 335.
12. Stensgaard A.S. et al. (2022). Sero-prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild cervids in Denmark. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 17, 288-294.
13. Yue C. et al (2022). Comparison of a commercial ELISA and indirect hemagglutination assay with the modified agglutination test for detection of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 18, 287-291.
14. Bandelj P. et al. (2021). High Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Slovenian Wild Boars (Sus scrofa). Animals 2021, 11, 3139.
15. Gering E. et al. (2021). Toxoplasma gondii infections are associated with costly boldness toward felids in a wild host. Nature communications, 12(1), 1-8.
16. Kvapil P. et al. (2021). Biosurveillance of Selected Pathogens with Zoonotic Potential in a Zoo. Pathogens 2021, 10, 428.
17. Muñoz R. et al. (2021). Serological prevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in Zoo Mammals in Chile. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 194, 105445.
18. Sengupta M.E. et al. (2021). Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Cryptosporidium in feral and farmed American mink (Neovison vison) in Denmark. Acta Parasitologica, 66(4), 1285-1291.
19. Bier N.S. et al. (2020). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild boar and deer in Brandenburg, Germany. Zoonoses and Public Health, 67(6), 601-606.
20. Plaza J. et al. (2020). Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in retail meat samples in Scotland. Food and waterborne parasitology, 20, e00086.
21. Laforet C.K. et al. (2019). Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in extensively farmed wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Denmark. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 61(1), 1-4.
22. Marková J. et al. (2019). Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Encephalitozoon cuniculi in animals from captivity (zoo and circus animals). Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 66(3), 442-446.
23. Kornacka A. et al. (2018). Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in raccoons (Procyon lotor) from the Czech Republic, Germany and Poland. Veterinary parasitology, 262, 47-50.
24. Kornacka A. et al. (2016). The usefulness of direct agglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in wild animals. Veterinary parasitology, 228, 85-89.
25. Formenti N. et al. (2015). Toxoplasma gondii infection in alpine red deer (Cervus elaphus): its spread and effects on fertility. PLoS One, 10(9), e0138472.
26. Witkowski L. et al. (2015). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in wild boars, red deer and roe deer in Poland. Parasite, 22:17.
27. Moskwa B. et al. (2014). Detection of antibodies to Neospora caninum in moose (Alces alces): the first report in Europe. Folia Parasitologica, 61(1), 34.
28. Kamga-Waladjo A.R. et al. (2009). Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in Lion (Panthera leo) from Senegal, West Africa. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 4(6), 346-349.

MARINE ANIMALS

1. Calvo-Mac C. et al. (2020). Exposure to Toxoplasma gondii in marine otters (Lontra felina) and domestic cats (Felis catus) in an arid environment in Chile. Journal of wildlife diseases, 56(4), 962-964.
2. Bachand N. et al. (2019). Serological and molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in terrestrial and marine wildlife harvested for food in Nunavik, Canada. Parasites & vectors, 12(1), 1-10.
3. van de Velde N. et al. (2016). Toxoplasma gondii in stranded marine mammals from the North Sea and Eastern Atlantic Ocean: findings and diagnostic difficulties. Veterinary parasitology, 230, 25-32.