ID Screen® CCHF Double Antigen Multi-species

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

1. Owen L. et al. (2025). Multi-assay evaluation of Crimean-Congo Haemorragic Fever Virus exposure in Uganda: Traditional tools and Emerging approaches. Poster presented at 13th International Congress for Veterinary Virology, 2-5 September 2025, Portorož, Slovenia.
2. Sas M.A. et al. (2018). A novel double-antigen sandwich ELISA for the species-independent detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus-specific antibodies.  Antiviral Research 151, 24-26.

EXCLUSIVITY OVER OTHER NAIROVIRUS SPECIES

1. Hartlaub J. et al. (2021). Cross-Reaction or Co-Infection? Serological Discrimination of Antibodies Directed against Dugbe and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Orthonairovirus in Nigerian Cattle. Viruses 13, 1398.
2. Hartlaub J. et al. (2021). Deciphering Antibody Responses to Orthonairoviruses in Ruminants. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1493.
3. Grech-Angelini S. et al. (2020). Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Antibodies among Livestock on Corsica, France, 2014–2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases; 26(5):1041-1044.
4. Hartlaub J. et al. (2020). Sheep and Cattle Are Not Susceptible to Experimental Inoculation with Hazara Orthonairovirus, a Tick-Borne Arbovirus Closely Related to CCHFV. Microorganisms 8, 1927.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES

RUMINANTS

1. Ellis I. et al (2025). Circulation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Guinean ruminants.  Poster presented at 13th International Congress for Veterinary Virology, 2-5 September 2025, Portorož, Slovenia.
2. Barbic L. et al. (2025). Seroprevalence study for selected zoonotic vector-borne pathogens in sheep from endemic areas of Croatia. Front. Vet. Sci. 12:1602706.
3. Bennia S.E.G. et al. (2025). The first serological detection and risk factors analysis of tick-borne Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus among sheep in Algeria. Journal of Zoonotic Diseases, 2025, 9 (2): 752-761.
4. Fafetine J. et al. (2025). Zoonotic arbovirus infections in cattle in Mozambique with special reference to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and rift valley fever virus (RVFV). Virology Journal, 22(1), 185.
5. Jakimovski D. et al. (2025). One health investigation following a cluster of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever, North Macedonia, July to November 2023. Euro Surveill; 30(4):pii=2400286.
6. Leil T.H.A.A.A. et al. (2025). Seroepidemiological study of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Wasit governorate, Iraq 2024: a preliminary assessment. Archives of Veterinary Science, 30(2).
7. Raheemi H. et al. (2025). Serosurveillance of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in livestock as a reservoir for human infection in Afghanistan. One Health, 101065.
8. Sadio B.D. et al. (2025). Re-emergence of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Kedougou, south-eastern Senegal in 2023: Epidemiological and zoological investigations of the first symptomatic human case. One Health, 101040.
9. Saleh W.M.M. et al. (2025). Seroepidemiological study of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in small ruminants in Thi-qar governorate, southern Iraq, 2023. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 13(2), 365-371.
10. Baz-Flores S. et al. (2024). Animal exposure model for mapping Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus emergence risk. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 30(4), 672.
11. Dahourou L.D. et al. (2024). Detection of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in cattle in Kenedougou and Mouhoun provinces in Burkina Faso. Open Veterinary Journal, 14(8), 1912.
12. Dahourou L.D. et al. (2024). Serological evidence and factors associated with Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever in sheep in Burkina Faso. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 10(2), e1322.
13. Daodu O.B. et al. (2024). Serological evidence of tick-borne Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Dugbe orthonairovirus infections in cattle in Kwara State in northern Nigeria indicate independent endemics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 18(10): e0012539.
14. Diakite M.A. et al. (2024). Seroprevalence and factors associated with CCHF virus infection in cattle and sheep in Mopti region (Mali). Archives of Razi Institute, 79(6):1257-1262.
15. Gahn M.C.B. et al. (2024). Large-Scale Serological Survey of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus in Small Ruminants in Senegal. Pathogens, 13, 689.
16. Hashim D.A. et al. (2024). Seroprevalence of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Cattle in Basrah Province, Iraq. Basrah Journal of Veterinary Research, 23(3), 118-129.
17. Igah O.E. et al. (2024). Detection of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus circulating in ticks and cattle in Plateau and Kaduna States, Nigeria. Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 22(4), 283-290.
18. Ngom D. et al. (2024). Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever outbreak in Northern Senegal in 2022: Prevalence of the virus in livestock and ticks, associated risk factors and epidemiological implications. Zoonoses and Public Health, 71(6), 696-707.
19. Raheemi H. et al. (2024). Epizootiology and seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ruminant population of East Afghanistan. Kuwait Journal of Science, 51(1), 100131.
20. Samkange A. et al. (2024). Serological Evidence of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in Livestock in the Omaheke Region of Namibia. Microorganisms, 12(4), 838.
21. Altaliby M.A.S. et al. (2023). Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in sheep and goats in Iraq. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 26, No 2, 202-207.
22. Atim S.A. et al. (2023). Prevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock following a confirmed human case in Lyantonde district, Uganda. Parasites & Vectors, 16(1), 1-10.
23. Babaoglu A. R. et al. (2023). Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infection in Domestic Ruminants in Van Province, a Non-endemic Region in Turkey. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 1, 6.
24. Matthews J. et al. (2023). Serological Prevalence of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infection in Small Ruminants and Cattle in The Gambia. Pathogens, 12, 749.
25. Nyakarahuka L. et al. (2023). Seroepidemiological investigation of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in livestock in Uganda, 2017. PloS one, 18(11), e0288587.sera from 551 cattle and 253 buffaloes
26. Sarangi L.N. et al. (2023). Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Indian cattle and buffaloes. Journal of Vector Borne Diseases, 60(3), 259-264.
27. Simo Tchetgna H. et al. (2023) Molecular and serological evidence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus prevalence in livestock and ticks in Cameroon. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 13:1132495.
28. Bratuleanu B. et al.  (2022). Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Among Small Ruminants from Southern Romania. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 22(7), 397-401.
29. Duscher G. G. et al.  (2022). Hyalomma spp. in Austria—The Tick, the Climate, the Diseases and the Risk for Humans and Animals. Microorganisms, 10(9), 1761.
30. Dzikwi-Emennaa A.A. et al. (2022). Detection of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Antibodies in Cattle in Plateau State, Nigeria. Viruses 2022, 14, 2618.
31. Fanelli A. et al. (2022). First serological evidence of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in transhumant bovines in Italy. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases.
32. González Gordon L. et al. (2022), Seroepidemiology of Crimean-Cong Haemorrhagic Fever among cattle in Cameroon: Implications from a One Health perspective, PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 16, no. 3, e0010217.
33. Lule S. A. et al. (2022). Widespread exposure to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Uganda might be driven by transmission from Rhipicephalus ticks: Evidence from cross-sectional and modelling studies. Journal of Infection, 85(6), 683-692.
34. Lysholm S. et al. (2022). Seroepidemiology of selected transboundary animal diseases in goats in Zambia. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 206, 105708.
35. Satrovic L. et al. (2022). First evidence of Crimean‐Congo haemorrhagic fever virus circulation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 8(3), 1271-1275.
36. Zhabari Z. and Xhekaj B. (2022). Serological data suggest the spread of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in domestic animals in Kosovo-a short communication. Veterinarski arhiv, 92(2), 155-160.
37. Balinandi S. et al. (2021).  Serological and molecular study of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in cattle from selected districts in Uganda. Journal of Virological Methods 290-114075.
38. Blanco-Penedo I. et al. (2021). Seroepidemiology of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Cattle across Three Livestock Pastoral Regions in Kenya. Dairy 2, 425–434.
39. Esmaeel S.A. et al. (2021).  Seroprevalence of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in cows by ELISA in Mosul city. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 4 (803-807).
40. Khbou M.K. et al. (2021). Presence of antibodies to Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in sheep in Tunisia, North Africa. Vet Med Sci. 1–7.
41. Obanda V. et al. (2021). Livestock presence influences the seroprevalence of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus on sympatric wildlife in Kenya. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 21(10), 809-816.
42. Phonera M. C. et al. (2021). Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Cattle of Smallholder Farmers in Central Malawi. Pathogens 10, 1613.
43. Zouaghi K. et al. (2021). First Serological Evidence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Rift Valley Fever Virus in Ruminants in Tunisia. Pathogens, 10, 769.

CAMELIDS

1. Bedjaoui S. (2025). Seroprevalence of flavivirus and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in dromedaries from Algeria. Poster presented at Medical Biodefense Conference, Munich, Germany,8-10 april 2025.
2. Sheek-Hussein M. et al. (2025). Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections in Slaughtered Camels and Abattoir Workers in the United Arab Emirates. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2025(1), 3409106.
3. Adamu A.M. et al. (2024). Investigating Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus seropositivity in camels and human behavioural risks in an abattoir in Nigeria. Epidemiology and Infection, 152, e29, 1–8.
4. Guidoum K.A. et al. (2023). Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus seropositivity among dromedary camels, Algeria, 2020–2021. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 29(12), 2546.
5. Lado S. et al. (2022). Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Past Infections Are Associated with Two Innate Immune Response Candidate Genes in Dromedaries. Cells, 11, 8.
6. Camp J.V. et al. (2021). Association of Dromedary Camels and Camel Ticks with Reassortant Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, United Arab Emirates. Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 27, No. 9.
7. Wernery U et al. (2021). Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever: A Serological Survey In Dromedary Camels. Journal of Camel Practice and Research, Vol 28N°1, p75-77.
8. Bouaicha F. et al. (2020). Epidemiological investigation of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus infection among the one-humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) in southern Tunisia. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, Vol 12, Issue 1.
9. Zohaib A. et al. (2020). Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Humans and Livestock, Pakistan, 2015–2017.Emerging Infectious Diseases 26 (4).

DOGS, CATS AND HORSES

1. De Villiers L. et al. (2025). Serological evidence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in domestic animals from eight regions of Namibia. Acta Tropica, 262, 107524.
2. Bedjaoui S. et al. (2024). Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever and flavivirus infections among ethiopian domestic animals. Poster presented at 9th International Conference on Emerging Zoonoses at: Palermo,Italia, 9-12 June 2024.
3. Vila M. et al. (2023). Zoonotic findings of Hyalomma marginatum in northwestern Spain: horse serological response and human captures. Poster presented at the EVPC meeting, 29-30 june 2023, Maison-Alfort, France.
4. Atim S.A. et al. (2022). Risk factors for Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus exposure in farming communities in Uganda. Journal of Infection, 85(6), 693-701.
5. Mangombi J.B. et al. (2020).  Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Domesticated Animals in Northwestern Senegal.Vector-Borne And Zoonotic Diseases DOI: 20.10.1089/vbz.2019.2592.

SUIDS

1. Bost C. et al. (2024). Approaching the complexity of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus serology: A study in swine. Journal of Virological Methods, 326, 114915.
2. Frías M. et al. (2024). Epidemiologic survey of crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in suids, Spain. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 30(5), 984.

RODENTS

1. Omoga D.C.A. et al. (2023). Transmission Dynamics of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV): Evidence of Circulation in Humans, Livestock, and Rodents in Diverse Ecologies in Kenya. Viruses, 15, 1891.

WILDLIFE

1. Baptista C. et al. (2025). Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Circulation in Wild European Rabbits, Portugal, 2018− 2023. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 31(10), 2048.
2. Baz-Flores Sara et al. (2024). Mapping the risk of exposure to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in the Iberian Peninsula using Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa) as a model. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, vol. 15, no 1, p. 102281.
3. Castro-Scholten S. et al. (2024). Absence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in wild lagomorphs and their ticks in Spanish Mediterranean ecosystems. Veterinary Microbiology, 298, 110217.
4. Cevidanes A. et al. (2024). Exposure to Crimean‐Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Wild Ungulates in the Basque Country, Northern Iberian Peninsula. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2024(1), 8553577.
5. Carrera-Faja L. et al. (2023). Dynamics of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in two wild ungulate hosts during a disease-induced population collapse. One Health, 17, 100622.
6. Carrera-Faja L. et al. (2022). Evidence of prolonged Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus endemicity by retrospective serosurvey, eastern Spain. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 28(5), 1031.
7. Cuadrado‐Matías R. et al. (2022). Determinants of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus exposure dynamics in Mediterranean environments. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 69(6), 3571-3581.
8. Cuadrado-Matias R. et al. (2021).  The spatiotemporal dynamics of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in enzootic Iberian scenarios. Poster presented at the Virtual 69th WDA /14th EWDA 2021 Joint Conference Cuenca, Spain.
9. Espunyes J. et al. (2021). Hotspot of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Seropositivity in Wildlife, Northeastern Spain. Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 27, No. 9.
10. Peralbo-Moreno A. et al. (2021). Spatial modelling of Hyalomma lusitanicum ticks shape Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus exposure in Doñana National Park, Spain. Oral presentation at CUENCA 2021, August 31 to September 2, Spain.

CATTLE AND WILDLIFE

1. Bernard C. et al. (2025). First detection of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever antibodies in cattle and wildlife of southern continental France: Investigation of explanatory factors. PLoS One 20(9): e0331875.
2. Dos Santos F.A et al. (2025). Evidence of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in livestock and wildlife in Northeastern Portugal. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 25142.
3. Yessinou R.E. et al. (2025). Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Exposure in Wild and Domestic Animals in Benin. Viruses, 17(3), 387.

HUMANS

1. Gasparine M. et al. (2025). First report of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus exposure in human and livestock populations, Center Region, Cameroon.Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 15:1578518.
2. Kiwan P. et al. (2025). Serological evaluation of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever in humans with High-Risk professional exposure and in residual sera collected in 2022-2023 across Corsica (France). One Health, 20, 101020.
3. Mohammed R.I. et al. (2025). Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Among Cows and Their Owners in Nineveh Province, Iraq. Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 56(8), 1667-1672.
4. Malonga G.A. et al. (2024). Seroprevalence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus among people living with HIV in Brazzaville, Congo and among blood donors in Bamako, Mali. Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 15(1), 102276.
5. Mukhaye E. et al. (2024). Exposure patterns and the risk factors of Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus amongst humans, livestock and selected wild animals at the human/livestock/wildlife interface in Isiolo County, upper eastern Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 18(9): e0012083.
6. Simo F.B.N. et al. (2024). Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus exposure among febrile patients, cattle herders, and cattle herds in Cameroon. Acta Tropica, 260, 107432.
7. El Ghassem A. et al. (2023). Risk factors associated with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus circulation among human, livestock and ticks in Mauritania through a one health retrospective study. BMC Infectious Diseases, 23(1), 764.
8. Hughes E.C. et al. (2023). Patterns of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus seroprevalence in human and livestock populations in northern Tanzania. medRxiv, 2023-08.
9. Mostafa A.H. et al. (2023). Incidence and transmission dynamics of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFv) in slaughterhouse environments: ELISA based detection and risk assessment. Microbial Biosystems, 8(1), 43-48.
10. Frías M. et al. (2022). The spatial pattern of human exposure to Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus is not consistent with red deer-based risk predictions. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 1–7.
11. Matthews J. M. (2022). Sero-epidemiological investigation of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus infection in humans and livestock in West Africa. (Doctoral dissertation).
12. Negredo A. et al. (2021). Retrospective Identification of Early Autochthonous Case of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Spain, 2013. Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 27, No. 6.